The Sikorsky S-12 was a Russian single engine trainer aircraft completed in the spring of 1913 by the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works while Igor Sikorsky was the chief engineer of the aircraft manufacturing division.
== Design and development == The S-12 was a single seat mid-wing monoplane with wire-braced wings and powered by a Gnome Lambda air-cooled rotary engine rated at 80 hp (60 kW). It was smaller and lighter than the S-11 on which it was based, and was specifically designed to be highly maneuverable.
== Operational history == The S-12 was the most successful monoplane Sikorsky designed during his time in Russia and twelve examples were produced. In September 1913 an S-12 became the first Russian aircraft to perform an inside loop at the Kolomyazhskiy hippodrome north of St. Petersburg. Later an S-12 set an altitude record of 3,680 metres (12,070 ft). During World War I and the Russian Revolution S-12s served with the Russian Air Force and some were still in service until 1922.
== Specifications == Data from Russian Aviation MuseumGeneral characteristics Crew: One Wing area: 212 sq ft (19.7 m2) Empty weight: 924 lb (419 kg) Gross weight: 1,501 lb (681 kg) Powerplant: 1 × Gnome Lambda 7-cylinder air-cooled rotary piston engine, 80 hp (60 kW) Propellers: 2-bladed Performance
Service ceiling: 12,070 ft (3,680 m) Wing loading: 7.1 lb/sq ft (34.5 kg/m2) max load